Microphone Level vs. Line Level

Microphone level refers to the strength of the audio signal coming out of a microphone, which is relatively weak compared to line level.

Line level refers to the strength of the audio signal that is optimal for recording or sending from one piece of audio gear to another. (For instance, from an analog mixer to an audio interface)

Therefor, a preamp is used to bring up a microphone level signal to line level in order to be recorded or transferred between audio gear, etc.

Also see this other post: Types of Audio Signal Levels

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